Block Making

A single wooden block, hand-carved with precision and tradition, is the silent architect behind the vibrant patterns of India’s most celebrated textiles. Block making, a traditional Indian craft, thrives in regions like Rajasthan and Gujrat, where skilled artisans transform seasoned wood into intricate printing tools essential for hand block printing. 

Block making in India has a long history and is an important part of traditional textile production. Communities like the Gajjar Suthar in Pethapur and Multani families in Jaipur have passed down block making skills for generations. Block printers from the Chhipa and Cheepa communities depend on these block makers, creating a symbiotic relationship between printer and carver.

The primary material for block making is hardwood, typically sheesham (Indian rosewood) or sagwan (teak), chosen for its durability, fine grain, and resistance to warping. The process begins with seasoning the wood, often by soaking it in water for months to ensure longevity and prevent cracking. Artisans then cut the wood to size, smooth the surface, and coat it with chalk or lime for design transfer. Using stencils, tracing paper, and coal dust, the intricate motifs—often inspired by nature, mythology, or local culture—are marked onto the block. A range of chisels and hand tools are used to carve out the design in relief, with the negative spaces carefully removed. The depth of carving, precision of lines, and inclusion of air holes (to prevent vacuum and ink smudging) are hallmarks of master craftsmanship.

What sets Indian block making apart is the complexity and clarity of its designs, the longevity of the blocks—some lasting through hundreds of meters of printing—and the regional variations in motif and technique. Jaipuri blocks, for example, are known for their intricate cutting and air holes called pavansar, while Multani blocks are prized for their depth and detail. The market for authentic hand-carved blocks remains strong among discerning textile printers and designers, although cheaper, less detailed alternatives are also available.

Photo Courtesy: Anokhi Museum | MaverickBird | SaffronMarigold | Ichcha | Handmade in India