Bhavani Dhurries (Jamakkalam)

A rhythmic clatter echoes through the old quarters of Bhavani town, where the loom’s steady beat still shapes a tradition nearly two centuries old. Bhavani dhurries, locally called “Jamakkalam” in Tamil, are robust, flat-woven rugs that have become synonymous with the weaving heritage of the Erode district in Tamil Nadu. These handwoven floor coverings, celebrated for their durability and vibrant colors, are crafted primarily from cotton.

The history of Bhavani Jamakkalam traces back about 200 years, rooted in the migration of weaver communities who settled along the banks of the Bhavani River. Over generations, these artisans—traditionally from the Saliyar and Devanga communities—developed a unique style that set their dhurries apart from those of other regions. The craft flourished as Bhavani became a major weaving center, with its products traded locally and exported across South India. 

The making of a Bhavani dhurrie begins with the selection of strong cotton yarn, which is dyed in bold, contrasting colors. Artisans use a four-pedal handloom, sitting on a plank beside the cloth beam, to interlace the warp and weft threads. The weaving process employs the panja technique, named after the claw-like tool used to beat the weft into place, ensuring a tight, durable weave. Designs are typically geometric—stripes, checks, and simple motifs—reflecting both utility and local aesthetic. While silk dhurries were once common, today’s Jamakkalam are almost exclusively cotton, prized for their resilience and ease of maintenance.

Today, Bhavani’s weaving families continue to uphold this tradition, though their numbers have dwindled as younger generations seek alternative livelihoods. The Jamakkalam earned a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2005, underscoring its cultural and economic importance. In the market, these dhurries are valued for their affordability, longevity, and the authenticity of handwoven craftsmanship, making them a favorite among both rural and urban buyers.

Photo Courtesy: Tuni Mani